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Nigeria says working hard to resolve gasoline crisis

In a chat with Nigerians from all walks of life on Sunday evening during the stopover, the Vice President noted that the Federal Government was moving as quickly as it could to solve the fuel crisis and reduce the difficulties Nigerians were facing as a result.

How Jonathan’s officials, cousin shared 27bln proceeds of PHCN sale -EFCC

The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) has narrated how top government officials under the administration of former president Goodluck Jonathan shared 27 billion, part of the proceeds of the sale of Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) in 2014.

- Nigeria unemployment rate climbs up

Four out of every ten people in Nigeria's workforce were unemployed or underemployed by the end of September, National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) said on Friday.

Why is Jerusalem important, what makes Donald Trump's intervention so toxic

What is the status of Jerusalem? Israel set up its parliament in West Jerusalem when the state of Israel was proclaimed in 1948. The move followed the United Nations’ vote to partition Palestine on the basis of the British pledge known as the Balfour Declaration that paved the way for a homeland for the Jewish people.

- Nigeria's dollar reserves at $34.53 bln as of Nov. 24

Nigeria’s foreign exchange reserves stood at $34.53 billion as of Nov. 24, up nearly 3 percent from a month earlier, central bank data showed on Thursday. The bank did not provide a reason for the increase in reserves, which stood at $33.58 billion at the same date last month.

Friday 31 March 2017

New chief of Japan's SMBC bank "actively studying" acquisition of US bank

The new head of Japan's Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corp (SMBC) said it is "actively studying" an acquisition of a U.S. bank, as part of efforts to seek a reliable dollar funding source for future growth.
Securing cheap, stable dollar funding has been a major challenge for Japanese banks, which have been aggressively expanding overseas as they have been hit by ultra-low interest rates and weak loan demand at home for years.

"As we expand globally, a diversified and stable source of the world's largest hard currency is extremely important," Makoto Takashima, who was promoted from senior managing director to president on Saturday, told Reuters in an interview.
"Even for our Asia operations, the capability to secure dollar funding is crucial," he said.
He said his bank has been shifting to more stable dollar sources such as deposits by corporate clients from short-term market funding like commercial papers.
As a result, the bank's dollar funding is enough to cover loan demands. "But the core funding source is retail deposits. And to be honest, we want that source when we think about our future growth," he said.
SMBC is a core banking unit of Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group (SMFG), which posted a 22 percent drop in net profit in the quarter ending in December due to the low interest rate environment. Japanese banks are among the most aggressive buyers of overseas assets in recent years. SMFG spent a total of $1.5 billion in 2013 and 2014 to buy 40 percent of PT Bank Tabungan Pensiunan Nasional Tbk (BTPN) of Indonesia.
Unlike cross-town rival Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, which owns California-based Union Bank, SMFG does not have a retail footprint in the United States.
But a recent surge in U.S. financial stocks, up more than 20 percent since early November, has made an acquisition of a U.S. bank too expensive for now, Takashima said.
"It would have been feasible right after the collapse of Lehman Brothers (in 2008), when prices were cheap. But an acquisition now would be a very painful burden on our capital," he said.
Takashima, 59, is a life-long insider, starting his career at Sumitomo Bank. A rarity among Japanese bank chiefs, he spent most of his career in international operations, including 11 years in the United States.
© Reuters News

Nigeria FX buffer at 2-weeks low as black market naira weakens

Nigeria's forex reserves fell to a two-week low and the naira eased on the black market on Friday after the central bank pledged to step up dollar sales but also said it would announce a new currency rate for retail exchange bureaus next week.
The central bank on Tuesday set a rate of 362 naira for exchange bureaus to sell the U.S. currency to consumers, an 11 percent rise in the local currency from the last setting in January. 

The bank, which opposes a free naira float, has been selling the U.S. currency on the official market to try to narrow the spread with the black market rate, which was quoted at a record low of 520 per dollar a month ago.
On Friday the black market naira, which has firmed 17 percent since last month due to central bank dollar sales on the official market aimed at narrowing the spread, eased 1.8 percent to 390 naira, Thomson Reuters data showed.
The naira held its level at 306.35 to the dollar after the central bank sold $1.5 million on the spot market.
The central bank said late on Thursday it would increase the amount it offers to exchange bureaus to $10,000 per member from $8,000 but would announce a new rate on April 3.
Traders say the new rate announcement had created uncertainty and caused the naira to trade weaker on the black market.
But dollar buffers have started to decline. Traders estimate that the bank has sold more than $1 billion in currency forwards since last month to boost liquidity.
Nigeria's dollar reserves, which have risen 16.1 percent since the start of the year, stood at $30.29 billion by March 29, but are still far off their peak of $64 billion, hit in August 2008, central bank data showed.
The International Monetary Fund on Thursday urged Nigeria to lift its remaining foreign exchange restrictions and scrap its system of multiple exchange rates in order to revive its economy, which is in its first recession in 25 years.
© Reuters News

MTN has paid 30 bln naira in part settlement of Nigerian fine -company source

 MTN has made a payment of 30 billion naira ($98 million) to the Nigerian government in part settlement of a 330 billion naira fine imposed on the telecoms group for not disconnecting unregistered SIM cards, an MTN source told Reuters on Thursday.
Africa's largest telecoms company has already paid 80 billion naira of the total amount owed, the source said. The fine is due for payment in six instalments over three years, MTN has said.
MTN Nigeria was originally fined $5.2 billion last October for failing to deactivate more than five million unregistered SIM cards, but the fine was reduced in a settlement that paved the way for MTN to list its subsidiary on the Nigerian Stock Exchange.
Nigeria has been cracking down on unregistered SIM cards, concerned that they are used for criminal activity in a country fighting an insurgency by Islamist militant group Boko Haram.
MTN, which operates in 20 countries, had set aside $600 million last year to pay the fine.
© Reuters News

IMF asks Nigeria to dump multiple exchange rates, lift forex restrictions

The International Monetary Fund urged Nigeria on Thursday to lift its remaining foreign exchange restrictions and scrap its system of multiple exchange rates in order to revive its economy, which is in its first recession in 25 years.
The recommendation came in the Washington-based Fund's regular assessment of the country's economy. A staff report, an accompanying document seen by Reuters and addressed to the IMF's executive board, outlined a raft of failings in Nigeria's handling of its economy.

Nigeria fell into recession last year largely due to the impact of low oil prices and militant attacks on energy facilities in the Niger Delta oil hub. Crude sales account for more than 90 percent of foreign exchange earnings and two-thirds of government revenue.
President Muhammadu Buhari has rejected a devaluation of the naira currency and backed restrictions imposed by the central bank that force firms to buy dollars needed for imports for a premium on the black market, where the currency trades around 30 percent weaker than the official exchange rate.
The fund said its directors "urged the authorities to remove the remaining restrictions and multiple currency practices, thus unifying the foreign exchange market and helping regain investor confidence".
Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, has at least five exchange rates which include the official one, a rate for Muslim pilgrims travelling to Saudi Arabia, one for school fees abroad and a retail rate set by licensed exchange bureaux.
The IMF's verdict comes weeks after the budget ministry published its Economic Recovery and Growth Plan for 2017 to 2020 which called for a market-determined exchange rate. However, the plan offers few concrete steps.
CONTRACTION
Nigeria has not asked the Fund for fiscal support but its recommendations may influence institutional lenders ahead of the annual spring meetings with the World Bank.
The World Bank has been in talks with Nigeria for more than a year over an application for a loan of at least $1 billion and the African Development Bank has $400 million on offer. But talks have stalled over economic reforms.
Nigeria's economy contracted 1.5 percent last year.
"Under unchanged policies, the outlook remains challenging," the report said, adding that growth would "pick up only slightly" to 0.8 percent this year, mostly reflecting some recovery in oil production.
The Fund said the country's fiscal deficit increased to 4.7 percent of GDP in 2016, up from 3.5 percent in 2015, due to revenue shocks.
And it made recommendations regarding the country's banking sector, which has seen lenders who fuelled an oil sector credit boom being hammered by the impact of low oil prices which spawned foreign exchange shortages and the naira's plunging value.
The Fund said it encouraged "quickly increasing the capital of undercapitalized banks and putting a time limit on regulatory forbearance".
However, it also said it welcomed efforts to strengthen the resilience of the banking sector.
"In light of the persisting internal and external challenges, they emphasised that stronger macroeconomic policies are urgently needed to rebuild confidence and foster an economic recovery," the statement said of the board's assessment.
© Reuters News

Thursday 30 March 2017

Nigeria to send oil governance bill to Senate on April 25

Nigeria will send its oil governance bill to the Senate on April 25, a spokesman said on Thursday, the latest step in efforts to overhaul the energy sector in Africa's largest economy.
The legislation is part of proposed reforms that make up the sprawling Petroleum Industry Bill, which has been in discussion for over a decade and redrafted many times but has yet to be passed into law.

President Muhammadu Buhari, who took office in May 2015, made passing the legislation a priority as part of an attempt to crackdown on the mismanagement and corruption that has held back the country's energy sector. Oil sales account for two-thirds of government revenue in the OPEC member state.
"Barring any last minute changes, the Senate Joint Committee on Petroleum (Upstream, Downstream and Gas), will on 25th April lay the final report of the Petroleum Industry Governance Bill before the Senate for consideration and approval," a spokesman for Senate President Bukola Saraki said in a statement.
The statement said lawmakers were expected to hold talks on the proposed legislation on April 4 before submitting the final report to the Senate.
Once the Senate has approved the bill, it will be sent to the lower chamber of parliament. With the approval of both, the final version will be sent to the president to be signed into law.
Its backers say Nigeria's oil sector is in dire need of change, with power currently concentrated in the state oil company Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation and the petroleum ministry.
© Reuters News

S.Africa's Zuma considers stepping down ahead of tenure expiry day

Jacob Zuma is considering offering to step down next year, at least 12 months before his term as South African president ends, under a deal with opponents in his ruling party that would see Finance Minister Pravin Gordhan leave office now, two senior party sources said.
Zuma is due to be replaced as party leader at an African National Congress (ANC) party conference in December after serving his allocated two terms, but was expected to remain the country's president until elections in 2019.Image result for Jacob Zuma
Zuma's spokesman did not respond to several calls for comment.
The offer appears intended as a way out of an impasse over the country's leadership within the divided ANC, but may not be enough to satisfy opponents of Zuma, who want the president out early anyway and urgently want Gordhan to stay.
There is precedent for an ANC leader to leave the presidency early. Thabo Mbeki was removed by the ANC as South African president in 2008 after his time as party leader ended at the close of the previous year.
A split in the ANC deepened this week after Zuma ordered Gordhan to return from an investor roadshow in Britain, raising expectations of a cabinet reshuffle that markets fear will include Gordhan's removal. Gordhan is viewed favourably by investors and the rand fell sharply when he was ordered home.
"Zuma's early departure after December conference is on the table. It's being discussed," one of the sources said. "He could be forcibly removed so it makes sense for him to go on his own terms."
Zuma's opponents have become increasingly vocal, and agreeing to stand aside early could help prevent a permanent split in the former liberation movement of Nelson Mandela, which last year suffered its worst result in local elections since it swept to power with the end of apartheid in 1994.
Some senior members of the ANC are pushing for Zuma's departure now, applying pressure on him to find a compromise.
"He must just go. We don't need his 'offers'. He must just go before destroying our country," one senior ANC member, who had not heard of Zuma discussing stepping down, told Reuters.
Zuma has the authority to hire and fire ministers such as Gordhan, but if senior party figures openly criticise him or resign it would weaken his position in the party.
Zuma and his allies want Gordhan replaced by someone more aligned to their plans which include more radical redistribution of wealth to address the legacies of apartheid and looser fiscal spending, the two sources told Reuters.
Gordhan's removal is a key requirement in negotiations for Zuma's faction. They also want to choose Zuma's successor at the national conference in December, the sources say.
Zuma's supporters are believed to be backing his ex-wife Nkosozana Dlamini-Zuma, a former African Union chairwoman, as his replacement. Another section of the ANC supports Deputy President Cyril Ramaphosa, viewed as more market-friendly.
RESHUFFLE
Gordhan's supporters are uncertain about agreeing to promises on which Zuma could later renege, the two sources close to the matter said.
There are also concerns that Gordhan's replacement could facilitate government corruption that some senior members of the ANC say has become rife, the sources said.
Gordhan's allies view him as a figure of stability and integrity who is managing a flatlining economy burdened by high government spending and at risk of being downgraded to "junk" status by credit ratings agencies.
Some of Zuma's allies say Gordhan's importance is over-exaggerated and his close relationship with investors and ratings agencies shows that he is allied to vested interests.
South Africa remains starkly unequal 23 years after the end of apartheid with much of the wealth still in the hands of white people who make up 9 percent of the population.
The ANC has been experiencing one of its most difficult periods since the end of white-minority rule, and some analysts say Zuma agreeing to leave early could heal some wounds.
“If confirmed, this could be the long-awaited compromise where Zuma agrees to go in return for some protection," said political analyst Nic Borain. "It would be a very clever move."
Nomura analyst Peter Attard Montalto said in a research note on Wednesday that Zuma leaving presidential office early next year after the ANC conference was his "baseline" scenario.
Zuma, who was an underground anti-apartheid operative and was jailed with Mandela on Robben Island, is a determined leader but he has shown a willingness to compromise.
In December 2015 he bowed to pressure from within the ANC and appointed Gordhan as finance minister after markets tumbled when he replaced respected economist Nhlanhla Nene with little-known lawmaker David van Rooyen.
In a sign of how divided the party is, at the funeral of anti-apartheid stalwart Ahmed Kathrada on Wednesday the congregation clapped and cheered as a letter written by Kathrada calling for Zuma to resign was read out.
Gordhan received a standing ovation when he was praised by another speaker during the service, including by some cabinet members, and was seen wiping tears from his eyes. Zuma did not attend at the request of Kathrada's family.
The most senior ANC figures, known as the 'Top Six', are evenly split on whether to remove Gordhan, sources said on Wednesday.
© Reuters News

Nigeria raises $500 mln via 15-year Eurobond with 7.5 pct yield

Nigeria raised $500 million by issuing a 15-year Eurobond on Wednesday with a yield of 7.5 percent, the finance ministry said, helping it plug a huge budget deficit in Africa's largest economy.
To revive the economy, which slipped into recession last year for the first time in 25 years, the government plans to increase spending by almost 20 percent this year, leaving it with a budget shortfall of 2.36 trillion naira ($7.7 billion).Image result for Nigeria's finance minister
The money from the new bond, which follows an oversubscribed $1 billion Eurobond issue last month, will help fund infrastructure development work outlined in last year's budget, Finance Minister Kemi Adeosun said.
"The proceeds from this additional note issuance will go towards funding capital projects in the 2016 budget," she said.
Nigeria has been hit by a slump in global oil prices, which has reduced government revenues and battered its naira currency. .
The government plans to spend a record 7.3 trillion naira ($24 billion) this year to help get the country out of recession. It planned to spend 6.1 trillion naira last year, but struggled to fund its budget.
Nigeria's February $1 billion Eurobond issue, set to mature in 2032, priced at 7.875 percent and was almost eight times oversubscribed.
The slightly lower yield the government will pay on Wednesday's issue may be an indication of the strength of demand for Nigerian debt overseas.
The country has registered a $300 million Diaspora bond programme, targeted at Nigerians abroad, with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and is seeking at least $1 billion in loans from the World Bank and a $1.3 billion loan from China to fund railway projects.
The country is also planning a 20 billion naira "green bond" next month after a new savings bond this month targeted at retail investors to broaden its funding base.
© Reuters News

Nigerian central bank approves licence for development bank

Nigeria's central bank has approved a licence for the Development Bank of Nigeria (DBN), the finance ministry said on Wednesday.
The bank aims to support small-scale businesses with loans of varying lengths at lower interest rates than currently available as the country contends with its first recession in 25 years. Image result for Nigeria's finance minister
The finance ministry said approval for the licence was subject to meeting the minimum capital requirement of 100 billion naira ($326 million), the reconstitution of the bank's board and a review of the organisation's structure.
The development bank has $1.3 billion in seed money provided by the World Bank, African Development Bank and German state bank Kfw, the finance ministry said on its Twitter feed.
The government "expects that the influx of additional capital from the DBN will lower borrowing rates and the longer tenure of the loans, will provide the required flexibility in the management of cash flows", the finance ministry said in a statement.
The ministry has previously said that 50 percent of the GDP in Africa's largest economy is made up of small companies.
© Reuters News

Wednesday 29 March 2017

Nigeria to sell 235 bln naira treasury bills on April 6

Nigeria plans to sell 234.89 billion naira ($765.99 million) of short-dated treasury bills at an auction on April 6, the central bank said on Wednesday.
The bank said it plans to sell 35 billion naira of three-month debt, 33.49 billion of six-month bills and 166.40 billion of one-year notes, using a Dutch auction system. Payment will be due the day after the auction.

Nigeria's central bank issues treasury bills twice a month to finance the budget deficit, help manage commercial lenders' liquidity and curb rising inflation.
Africa's top crude producer has in two consecutive auctions this month sold the one-year treasury bills at yields above the prevailing inflation rate, in a bid to lure investors to buy more of the debt.
The West African country expects its budget deficit to widen to 2.36 trillion naira this year as it tries to spend its way out of a recession, with more than half the deficit to be funded through local borrowing.
© Reuters News

US shale making a comeback at $50 a barrel dents crude oil market's outlook

By Harshal Barot
Oil prices ended lower for the fourth week in last five due to the overhang of inventories and consequent reduction of speculative long positions. While the compliance to output cuts has been nearly 100 per cent from the Opec side, relative non-compliance of Non-Opec coupled with steadily climbing US production is keeping prices under pressure.
The Opec and non-Opec meet over the weekend failed to show an agreement about extending the output cuts beyond six months and this could act as a price negative in the coming week.Image result for crude oil barrels
WTI prices remain below the $50 mark and an attempt to rebound last week failed as US inventories posted an increase yet again. Inventories increased by ~5 million barrels last week to touch a new record high of 533.1 million barrels. US inventories alone have increased ~54 million barrels so far this year. If market balancing indeed has to start, we need to see a sustained drawdown in oil stockpiles. Until then, it will be difficult for oil prices to break higher.
We haven't seen any major drawdown in global inventories too this year and this is a big risk to prices going forward too. IEA data showed that crude stocks in the OECD nations rose in January for the first time since July by 48 million barrels to 3.03 billion barrels. This is more than 300 million barrels above the five-year average.
Naturally, oversupply worries continue to dent oil prices. Opec producers have implemented 100 per cent of the agreed cuts as per latest data with Opec figures reflecting a cut higher than expected. Opec's 11 members with supply targets cut output to 29.68 million bpd in February, 123, 000 bpd more than required by target. Production by all Opec members, including cut-exempted Nigeria and Libya, fell to 31.95 million bpd. Surprisingly, Saudi Arabia raised oil production to 10.01 million bpd from 9.74 million bpd in Jan. While Saudi's output is still lower than its target, a rebound in its production dented sentiment in the oil market.
The IEA was slightly more bullish in its forecast this month as it projects the market to attain a deficit in H1 unlike Opec which expects that to happen in the second half of this year. Both however expect the non-Opec output to rebound this year. Opec raised its 2017 non-Opec oil supply growth forecast to 0.4 mbpd (prev. forecast 0.24 mbpd rise). The IEA also expects non-Opec output to rise 0.4 mbpd to 58.1 mbpd in 2017. The non-Opec part of global supply is the bigger worry for the market at the moment. Russia hasn't cut output as per the agreed terms with February production unchanged from January at 11.1 mbpd. Overall Non-Opec compliance is only ~64 per cent so far which has muted the impact of Opec cuts as well. Given that Libya and Nigeria are exempt from cuts, a rebound in their production will also increase Opec output even if other members stick to their quotas.
The bigger headwind to prices is also the re-emergence of shale output. US oil rig count has been increasing since June and is now at its highest since September 2015. US oil rigs are up by 336 since the low in May 2016. Weekly data from EIA shows that total US oil production is ~9.12 million bpd and latest EIA forecasts show that oil production could average 9.2 million bpd this year. EIA forecasts show that US shale oil production is expected to rise again in April by 109, 000 bpd to 4.96 million bpd suggesting that shale is surely making a comeback at this level of oil prices.
Looking ahead, given the stubbornness of global supply and inventories, excessive long positions in the market that we saw in the first two months have started to liquidate. Long positions are down nearly 20 per cent from their peak and we have seen a fresh built-up in short positions implying that the downside in price could extend further. Adding to that, global risk sentiment has taken a hit following the failure of the health-care reform in the US and has compounded the selling pressure on oil.
The technical picture remains weak and further downside cannot be ruled out. MCX Crude Oil consolidated in a lower range last week after the fierce sell-off seen earlier. Price now faces immediate stiff resistance near Rs.3250 and short-term bias remains negative below the same. Breach below Rs.3080 would intensify the downward pressure extending the decline towards lower support at Rs.2970-2960 zone. Selling on rallies towards resistance or on breach of support is thus advised.

Nigeria sets FX bureau rate as central bank aligns retail naira quotes

Nigeria's central bank has set a new naira rate for retail exchange bureaus to sell dollars to consumers, the head of the bureau association told Reuters on Tuesday.
The new rate of 362 per dollar is an 11 percent rise from the last setting in January and will bring the selling price at bureaus close to another consumer rate set on Monday. Image result for Nigeria cbn governor
Nigeria has several exchange rates -- the official one, the black market, a rate for Muslim pilgrims going to Saudi Arabia and a rate for foreign travel, school and medical fees.
The multiplicity of rates is hurting naira assets as foreign investors find it hard to price them, analysts say.
"The objective of the new forex sale policy was to ensure a convergence of the rates on the interbank (market) and BDC (bureaus de change)," central bank spokesman Isaac Okorafor said.
Aminu Gwadabe, head of Nigeria exchange bureaus, said the central bank would sell $8,000 each to his members this week at a rate of 360 per dollar, which they would resell to consumers at a profit margin of 2 naira.
Nigeria is battling a currency crisis brought on by low prices for oil, its main export, that has hammered foreign reserves and created chronic dollar shortages, frustrating businesses and individuals. Africa's biggest economy is in recession for the first time in quarter of a century.
On Monday, the central bank set a rate of 360 naira per dollar for consumers with certain foreign expenses sourcing hard currency through commercial lenders, and stepped up intervention on the official market to narrow the gap with the black market.
The bank intervened with $1.5 million on the spot market on Tuesday but sold the dollar at 306.15 naira, 20 percent weaker than the black market rate.
Okorafor said the regulator had also auctioned $100 million on the forward market on Tuesday.
The central bank, which opposes a free naira float, has been selling the U.S. currency on the official market to try to narrow the spread with the black market rate, which is currently 375, down from 520 per dollar a month ago.
Gwadabe told Reuters on Monday that his members had incurred currency losses of 130 million naira based on trading at the old rate after the central bank interventions caused the naira to rally on the black market.
He said his members could boycott central bank sales unless the regulator reviews rates for exchange bureaus in addition to addressing the multiplicity of rates on the market.
© Reuters News

Tuesday 28 March 2017

Nigeria stock market deals fell 22 pct last month amid naira crisis

The value of trading on Nigeria's stock market dropped by 22.3 percent to 74.1 billion naira ($236 mln) in February from a month before, the stock exchange said on Tuesday, as foreign investors kept to the sidelines.
Nigeria is battling a currency crisis brought on by low prices for oil, its main export, and now operates multiple currency regimes dominated by central bank intervention, making it difficult to price assets.Image result for oscar onyema
It has several exchange rates -- the official one, the black market, a rate for Muslim pilgrims going to Saudi Arabia and a retail rate set by exchange bureaus.
On Monday, the central bank set a new naira rate for consumers with certain foreign expenses and stepped up dollar sales. But analysts doubted whether the moves would draw foreign investors back to Africa's largest economy.
The stock market was one of the world's best performing frontier markets until 2013 but low liquidity levels and currency restrictions have deterred foreign investors.
Foreign transactions on the stock exchange hit 1.54 trillion naira ($4.9 bln) in 2014, when oil prices were at a peak, but declined to 518 billion naira last year as crude prices plunged, the stock exchange said.
Analysts expect more pain.
If index provider MSCI fulfils a threat to drop Nigeria from its frontier equity benchmark when it reviews its indices in May, foreign trades could fall further.
Nigerian shares  have lost 5.2 percent so far this year after a 6.2 percent fall last year. In dollar terms, they shed 40 percent in 2016 as the naira fell by a third on the official market due to central bank reforms.
The stock exchange said foreign investors traded shares valued at 74.1 billion naira last month, down from 95.3 billion naira in January, with sales accounting for more than half those transactions.
Domestic trading accounted for 53.4 percent of total share dealing in February, the stock exchange said.
© Reuters News

UK raises prospect of direct rule for N.Ireland if talks fail

Britain will consider all options for Northern Ireland including direct rule from London if politicians there fail to form a regional government in the next three weeks, the minister for the province said on Tuesday.
Northern Ireland politics has been in crisis since Irish nationalist party Sinn Fein pulled out of government in January, sparking a March 2 election that ended the majority pro-British unionists had enjoyed in the province for almost a century.

The expiration on Monday of a three-week deadline to form a government raised fears that power might revert from the regional parliament to the British government in London, a step that took five years to reverse the last time it happened.
"We do not want to see a return to direct rule," Northern Ireland minister James Brokenshire told the British parliament on Tuesday. "But should talks not succeed in their objective, the government will have to consider all options."
If no agreement has been reached, the British parliament will begin to fill the power vacuum in Northern when it returns from its Easter recess on April 18 by bringing legislation to set local taxes on homes and businesses, he said.
"Following the Easter recess, it would be my intention at a minimum to bring forward legislation to set a regional rate to enable local councils to carry out their functions," he said.
"In the absence of the devolved government, it is ultimately for the UK government to provide political stability and good governance," he said.
Both of the main parties involved in the talks, Irish nationalist Sinn Fein and the pro-British Democratic Unionist Party have voiced strong opposition to direct rule from London.
Sinn Fein leader Gerry Adams has said a return to direct rule would be an "enormous act of bad faith" by the British government.
While no one is predicting the political impasse risks returning Northern Ireland to the violence between Irish nationalists and pro-British unionists that killed 3,600 people in three decades before a 1998 peace deal, it could increase sectarian tensions and freeze decision-making as Britain prepares to leave the European Union.
As the only part of the United Kingdom with a land border with the EU, Northern Ireland faces severe disruption to its economy. Any sign of border controls could inflame opinion among Irish nationalists who want a united Ireland.
The province's political crisis began in January when Sinn Fein pulled out of the province's government citing the "deep-seated arrogance" of power-sharing partner the Democratic Unionist Party over the DUP's handling of the abuse of an energy subsidy scheme.
Sinn Fein presented a long list of demands as conditions to re-enter government, including funding services for Irish language speakers, gay rights and inquiries into deaths during the decades of sectarian violence.
The DUP balked, suggesting Sinn Fein was asking for too much because it wanted the talks to fail.
© Reuters News

WhatsApp must not hand over encryption keys to security agents

A couple of years ago I visited Nigeria in the middle of an election. I was worried I might get kidnapped by Boko Haram. But upon arrival at Abuja, where a never-ending line of soldiers inspected my passport as if it were a bomb, I quickly realised that terrorists aren't nearly as frightening as a paranoid government. The state has far greater capability than its tinpot opponents.
It always wants more, too. In the wake of Adrian Ajao's attack on Westminster, Amber Rudd, the Home Secretary, demands that companies like WhatsApp allow the Government a way around their encryption so that security forces can access messages.

Now, if we could make an exception for Ajao's missives, I'd be all for letting the state have them - but the problem is that an exception to a rule inevitably undermines the rule itself. The rule here is that people ought to be able to communicate without anyone else knowing what's being said. We call this privacy.
Of course, privacy has always been "negotiable". Before spying went digital, the state could go through your letters. Then it learnt how to tap your phone. Some countries passed laws to prevent abuse by security services; others listened in on the lives of others without limit. When the internet came along, however, the power balance briefly shifted.
The Egyptian dictatorship of Hosni Mubarak clung on to power until 2011 with the help of prisons, corruption and control of newspapers and TV. It was too arthritic, however, to keep up with the kids making revolution online. The pro-democracy protests in Tahrir Square, coordinated through social media, brought down Mubarak and came to symbolise the Arab Spring. One activist, Fawaz Rashed, explained: "We use Facebook to schedule the protests, Twitter to coordinate, and YouTube to tell the world."
But it was a double-edged sword. The Egyptian authorities started to monitor social media to see what its critics were up to. The state, especially when faced with the threat of losing its power, can adapt very quickly.
In 2013, it was revealed that the National Security Agency in the US had been collecting bulk data on people's online activity. Here was an example of a government agency in a democratic country moving so fast in concert with technological change that it had gone beyond the reach of scrutiny and constraint.
Authoritarians have been more brazen. Russia is accused of hacking the Democratic Party and meddling in the 2016 presidential election. The regime certainly uses fake accounts to drum up political intrigue online, and has been caught trying to collect the personal data of its opponents via social media. Imagine if Russia had the capacity to decrypt messages related to banking or security. Give the British government access to WhatsApp and it's only a matter of time before Moscow engineers a way in there, too.
So the internet, which was supposed to liberate us, has created new tools of surveillance and oppression. In May 2016, eight Iranian women were arrested when the state spotted them in Instagram photos without their headscarves on.
Nevertheless, some messaging apps still offer a source of encrypted resistance, a way of building a private sphere the state can't reach.
Dictatorships hate them. Last year, around 450 Iranians were picked up for using messaging services, including WhatsApp - and that underscores a critical point about privacy. Yes, encryption can be used by theocrats to plot terrorism. But it can also be used by liberals to resist theocracy. For every Adrian Ajao messaging hate, there might be a gay man messaging his lover or a daughter defying a regime by swapping scarfless photos.
Britain is no tyranny, you might say; Britain only wants to catch the bad guys. True, but the Government's case is so full of holes that it almost invites us to see another, darker motive.
Being able to decode Ajao's messages wouldn't have prevented his crime because he wasn't a subject of interest to the security services before the attack. WhatsApp cannot share his messages because they are encrypted from user to user, and the company is not supposed to be able to read them (that's the damn point). It's theorised that the only way spooks could crack the code is through creating a "backdoor" into WhatsApp's software. But this would compromise the privacy of all users. The Government would not be given a key to one door but a skeleton key that could open any door it likes. WhatsApp must say no.
Tim, don't you trust Amber Rudd? You can assure Ms Rudd that I do. But one can trust a particular government without trusting the wider state. There is a difference. Besides, in a constitutional democracy, rights are not supposed to be safeguarded by trust in individual politicians, but by laws.
I have been to countries where that is not the case, where privacy is regarded as a threat to order. And when a state decides that privacy is its enemy, it has armies, policemen, lawyers and spies to help destroy it. We should always resist. Always assert your precious right to be left alone.

FOLLOW Tim Stanley on Twitter @timothy_stanley
©  The Telegraph

Nigeria's AMCON recovers 682 bln naira of bad debt in six years

Nigeria's state-owned AMCON has recovered 681.5 billion naira over the past six years from debtors in the form of cash, properties and shares, it said on Monday.
The Asset Management Corporation of Nigeria (AMCON) was set up in 2010 to absorb banking sector-wide non-performing loans in exchange for government bonds, after the central bank rescued nine weak lenders from collapse in 2009.

But pressure has been building up again, with loan books - nearly half of them in dollars - hammered by shrinkage in the economy, a sinking currency and acute foreign exchange shortages - all consequences of the slump in oil prices.
The "bad bank" said it has around 1.7 trillion naira ($5.6 bln) worth of assets under litigations.
In February AMCON took over the day-to-day running of Arik Air in an attempt to rescue the country's largest airline, which was placed in receivership after it failed to pay workers or creditors.
Last week it sold the nationalised Keystone Bank to a consortium of local investors.
© Reuters News

Monday 27 March 2017

Pressure grows on Nigeria's central bank governor

 Earlier this year, an open letter in the Nigerian media from a group of businessmen attacked the "shameful" record of central bank governor Godwin Emefiele and demanded that he should go.
With Africa's largest economy in recession for the first time in 25 years, the letter reflects growing anger directed at Emefiele, whose insistence on keeping the naira artificially high is believed to have worsened Nigeria's oil-price induced slump.Image result for Godwin Emefiele
Three years into his tenure, the flak is flying around the 55-year-old career banker once admiringly described by colleagues as a discreet man who gives little away.
The advertisement, which appeared in several newspapers and online news portals, is the most prominent expression so far of widespread discontent with the government's naira policy among senior figures from the worlds of business and investment.
"Whatever hard-won reforms we had, (the benefit) has been undone in the past two years by (Emefiele)," one of the signatories, accountant Feyi Fawehinmi, told Reuters. Another ad is being planned, he said.
Emefiele imposed currency restrictions in 2015, defying bankers' advice to float the naira and raise interest rates as some other oil exporters had done. Investors fled as the once promising emerging market was ejected from key bond indexes.
Economists and investors say they have given up seeking any clues from Emefiele, who once read out a 32-page statement on interest rates without referring to the issue uppermost on his audience's mind - the frozen naira.
They are scathing about Emefiele, citing policies that have choked off the flow of dollars to official channels, fuelled a naira black market and ravaged domestic industry.
"Emefiele is responsible for the currency mismanagement. If someone achieves to beat down a currency like that, then a foreign investor like me can't support that," Lutz Roehmeyer, director at Landesbank Berlin Investment, told Reuters.
"Absolutely no one trusts or believes that this central bank is still able to fix this," he said, describing the forex policy sarcastically as a "masterstroke" that destroyed the economy.
STRONG CURRENCY
That policy accords with President Muhammadu Buhari's desire for a strong currency.
A 74-year-old former military ruler, Buhari has reminisced publicly about the 1980s when the naira traded at 1.3 per dollar, apparently viewing currency strength as a matter of national pride.
But Kingsley Moghalu, a former central bank deputy governor, says that does not absolve Emefiele of blame.
"Of course, there are many concerns that the bank is not being run in an independent manner in terms of policy ... But we all know that one of the burdens central bankers always have to carry is to do the right thing even if it is not popular," said Moghalu, who teaches now at Tufts University.
"So I don't care what excuse you give, what explanation you give – the result is what we are looking at."
Emefiele recently eased his grip on naira rates by offering dollars to different users and there are now at least five exchange rates. Moghalu called the multiple rates "a perfect recipe for corruption".
The central bank says a "managed float" is needed to offset low oil prices. It did not respond to requests for comment for this article and Emefiele declined interview requests.
Ordinary Nigerians are suffering widespread shortages of consumer goods, while factory closures, due to lack of raw materials and machinery, have caused job losses.
Nigeria's economy is heavily import dependent. By not making dollars available on a transparent basis, the central bank drives importers to the black market. As a result, inflation has rocketed but there are also shortages of imported goods.
The only winners from this policy are the few who obtain dollars they can sell on the black market, while everyone else is a loser. Prices for rice, Nigeria's staple food, have doubled in the two years since the policy came in.
"What are the measures take by the central bank to rescue our currency (sic). Please, Nigerians are crying," read a comment posted on the central bank's Facebook page on Feb. 13 as the naira black market rate fell below 500 per dollar.
To console such citizens, Emefiele has suggested his import curbs are rejuvenating domestic industry. In a March 11 speech, he rejected devaluation.
It was "an opportunity to change the economy's structure, resuscitate local manufacturing and expand job creation," the speech, posted on the central bank website, said.
But while Emefiele has cited domestic tomato processing as a beneficiary of the import curbs, one new plant has shut, unable to import machinery or tomatoes.
At a meeting of Nigeria's top economic advisory body to discuss the currency - Emefiele said everything was "under control" and called for "patience", according to a deputy state governor who attended the session.
He has also told reporters the naira will move in a 304-305 range, describing it as "a sort of floating market".
SURVIVAL
Emefiele, who ran one of Nigeria's biggest banks, Zenith, between 2010 and 2014, was appointed by then President Goodluck Jonathan. He replaced Lamido Sanusi who irked authorities by exposing a $20 billion scam at state oil firm NNPC.
After Buhari won the 2015 election, many expected Emefiele to join the list of Jonathan appointees who were fired. But the view now is that Emefiele suits Buhari, playing to the president's desire for a strong currency.
One Nigeria-based banker said Emefiele remains in his job because he carries out Buhari's wishes. A former government economic policymaker said the central bank chief's relations with his deputy governors were poor but he felt he could ignore them because he had Buhari's backing.
Neither Emefiele nor the central bank press office replied to request for comment on these allegations.
But he has some defenders, and while Buhari is in office, political analysts believe Emefiele will also remain in post. Buhari, however, has been scaling down his schedule since he returned from extended sick leave and is expected to have more medical treatment in London next month.
By crushing imports, Emefiele has balanced Nigeria's current account and boosted hard currency reserves. Inflation may be starting to slow.
This month, Vanguard, one of Nigeria's biggest dailies, named Emefiele "Personality of the Year". The paper praised his "long-term strategy for strengthening the Nigerian economy" and efforts to build non-oil industry.
WHERE IS EMEFIELE ?
Emefiele has reduced public engagements and has not given interviews to foreign media in over a year. He did not attend a Nigerian investment roadshow this year, sending a deputy instead.
Perhaps that was down to his experience at last summer's roadshow in London.
One investor at that meeting recalled Emefiele telling fund managers and analysts the naira was solid and there was no issue with the foreign exchange market. For that he was angrily berated by some investors present.
Most investors will want to see more than a floating naira before they return to Nigeria, said John Bates, a strategist at PineBridge Investments. A key question may be whether Emefiele completes his tenure, which runs until 2019.
"They need to find credible speakers. There is an element of mistrust in the market, and I am referring to the central bank and the presidency," Bates said.
© Reuters News

Nigeria sets naira rate for foreign school and medical fees

Nigeria's central bank on Monday said it will sell the dollar to consumers needing to pay foreign school and medical fees at 360 naira after the local currency firmed sharply on the black market.
It amount to an increase of arund 4 percent since it was last set.Image result for dollars
Nigeria has at least five exchange rates -- the black market, the official one, a rate for Muslim pilgrims going to Saudi Arabia, one for school and medical fees abroad, and a retail rate set by licensed exchange bureaus.
The central bank has been selling the U.S. currency on the official currency market to try to narrow the spread with the black market rate, which was at 390 last Friday, albeit down from 520 to the dollar a month ago.
On Monday the bank said it will sell dollars at 357 to lenders to resell to customers at a 3 naira margin for foreign school fees, medical bills and travels.
On the official market, the bank has also been weakening the naira to converge rates, traders say, but it has not provided a target rate. The naira was quoted at 315 on the interbank market.
The central bank said its supervisors would visit lenders to ensure compliance with the new retail rate and barred them from reselling foreign currency to retail exchange bureaux.
Aminu Gwadabe, head of Nigeria exchange bureaus, told Reuters his members had incurred currency losses of 130 million naira based on the rate differential after the central bank sold $25 million to them at 381 naira last week.
He said on Monday that exchange bureaus may boycott central bank sales this week, adding that the regulator must review the multiplicity of rates on the currency market.
© Reuters News

Goldman Sachs says OPEC should be wary of extending production cuts

Goldman Sachs on Sunday said an extension of the joint OPEC and non-OPEC oil production cut is not warranted unless supply and demand fundamentals deteriorate.
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and other major producers should be wary of extending the cuts unless there is a weakening of global oil demand or output from Libya or Nigeria increases, the bank said in a note from analysts led by Damien Courvalin.

"Our assessment of oil fundamentals and the rationale behind the production cuts do not warrant, in our view, such an extension barring either a sharp deceleration of demand growth or a sharp rebound in Libya/Nigeria production," the bank said in March 26 note.
"We believe that the rebalancing of the oil market is in fact making progress despite the record high U.S. crude inventories."
After a meeting on Sunday in Kuwait, a joint committee of ministers from OPEC and non-OPEC oil producers agreed to review at its next meeting in April whether the global pact to limit supplies should be extended by six months beyond its expiration at the end of June.
Goldman Sachs said that while it is beneficial for low cost crude producers to accelerate "the normalization" of oil inventories, they should not target huge price rebounds.
"Oil prices above $60 per barrel would prove self defeating in our view given the flattening of the oil cost curve and the unprecedented velocity of the shale supply response," the bank said.
Oil prices dipped on Monday as rising U.S. drilling activity outweighed the possibility that the production cut would be extended.
© Reuters News

Friday 24 March 2017

IMF says Nigeria needs urgent reform-document

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is expected to warn Nigeria its economy needs urgent reform, according to a report seen by Reuters that could delay talks over $1.4 billion in much-needed international loans.
Image result for president buhari
President Buhari
The Washington-based fund will urge Nigeria, a major oil producer, to introduce immediate changes to its exchange rate policy and say its recent reform plan is not enough to drag Africa's biggest economy out of recession, according to the 68-page report.
"Much more needs to be done," the IMF said in the document, written after a final meeting between its representatives and top officials in the capital Abuja before the fund issues its verdict on Nigeria's economy, expected on March 29.
"Further actions are urgently needed," it said.
The report - from the fund's acting secretary and addressed to members of its executive board - is set to form part of the IMF's verdict, though Nigeria can request alterations.
Three people familiar with the negotiations said it would send an important signal to institutional lenders.
The World Bank has been in talks with Nigeria for a loan of at least $1 billion for more than a year and the African Development Bank (AfDB) has $400 million on offer, but discussions have stalled over economic reforms.
"The tone of the IMF will be critical in terms of signalling," said one of the people familiar with the negotiations, who spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorised to speak to media.
Two of the people with knowledge of the loan talks said the lenders were unlikely to withhold funding entirely.
President Muhammadu Buhari has rejected a devaluation of the naira currency and backed curbs imposed by the central bank that force firms to buy dollars needed for imports for a premium on the black market.
Nigeria has at least five exchange rates - the official one, a rate for Muslim pilgrims travelling to Saudi Arabia, one for school fees abroad and a retail rate set by licensed exchange bureaus.
The IMF said that if Nigeria did not remove foreign exchange restrictions and unify the exchange rates, it risked "further deterioration in (forex) reserves" and "a disorderly exchange rate depreciation".
The report said Nigeria should also tackle its over-dependence on oil, low government revenues, a large infrastructure deficit, a rising debt service and double-digit inflation.
Nigeria has not asked the IMF for fiscal support. An IMF spokeswoman declined to comment.
A spokesman for the presidency directed inquiries to the ministries of finance and budget and national planning. The finance ministry and central bank did not respond to repeated attempts to seek comment. A budget and planning ministry spokesman declined to comment.
A World Bank spokeswoman said the lender was continuing its discussions with Nigeria and other partners and "will determine with the government the most appropriate lending instrument to support the implementation" of reform plans.
The AfDB declined to comment.
POLITICAL RISK
Earlier this month, Nigeria released an Economic Recovery and Growth Plan (ERGP) for 2017 to 2020 calling for a market-determined exchange rate. But it offers few concrete steps.
The ERGP "is more optimistic on growth than (IMF) staff... does not explicitly call for tighter monetary and fiscal policy in the near term, and assumes no immediate change in exchange rate policy - all of which are essential to reduce vulnerabilities and increase investors' interest," said the IMF.
Delays in adopting these policies increase vulnerabilities and risk reforms being politicised ahead of the 2019 elections, the IMF said.
Adoption of a fully flexible exchange rate would likely see the naira, which is propped up by the central bank but trades around 30 percent weaker on the parallel market, plummet in value.
Buhari, a 74-year-old former military ruler who led the country for 20 months in the 1980s, resisted pressure from the IMF and World Bank to devalue the naira in his previous tenure before being deposed in a coup.
Two of the people with knowledge of the negotiations said even without the IMF's proposed reforms, the World Bank and AfDB were likely to offer the loans to Nigeria.
"There might be some eye-rolling but then they'll still go through with the loans," said one, a diplomat, adding that the World Bank could offer its money in tranches as a way of holding back and enforcing reforms.
The report said Nigeria should articulate a sustainable fiscal policy and adopt structural reforms to diversify the economy away from its dependence on oil and promote competitiveness.
"The outlook is challenging, with growth expected to remain flat and macroeconomic imbalances to persist," it said.
© Reuters News

Thursday 23 March 2017

Nigeria FX traders widen spreads after black market naira rally

The gap between what traders bid and offer for Nigeria's naira on the black market has widened following a series of central bank interventions on the official market.
Traders are trying to hedge against losses after the currency firmed sharply during previous session.
The central bank has been intervening on the official market in recent weeks to narrow the official currency spread with the black market rate.

It offered to sell $100 million in currency forwards on Thursday.
Bid-offer spread widened as much as 15 naira on the black market on Thursday after the currency gained 4.9 percent on Wednesday to a seven-month high. It firmed to as much as 385 on the black market. Others quoted 400 to the dollar.
On the official market, the naira was quoted at 308 per dollar on Thursday and traded with a spread of 0.50 naira.
"Everyone is hedging their bets. We bought the dollar as high as 500 naira and we don't know where the rate is going," one black market trader, known as Salisu said.
He expected the naira to firm further.
Central Bank Governor Godwin Emefiele on Tuesday said that speculators betting on a naira fall "are taking a risk and will lose". He added that he expects the black market rates to narrow further.
Bid-offer spread on the black market was 5 naira before those comments.
The bank has also been weakening the naira on the official market to converge rates, traders say. But has said the weakness was not a devaluation and it has not provided a target rate.
Aminu Gwadabe, head of Nigeria exchange bureaus, told Reuters he expected the naira to stabilise around 380-400 to the dollar, but added that the central bank must review the multiplicity of rates.
The West African nation has at least five exchange rates - the official one, a rate for Muslim pilgrims going to Saudi Arabia, the one for school fees abroad and a retail rate set by licensed exchange bureaus at 399.
© Reuters News

Kenya sells bond over mobile phones in world first

Kenya began selling a government bond exclusively via mobile phones on Thursday, a world first aimed at expanding the pool of investors in a country that needs money for infrastructure projects and where many people don't have a bank account.

The three-year bond, called M-Akiba, can be bought by phone users without any need for a bank account. The issue is likely to be monitored by treasuries in other emerging economies, most of which would like to broaden sources of borrowing beyond banks and other financial institutions.
The government made a limited offer of 150 million shillings ($1.5 million) on Thursday to test the system before a bigger offer of 4.85 billion shillings planned for June. A large screen in the main boardroom of the treasury in downtown Nairobi showed about 200 investors had put in about 600,000 shillings within an hour of the start of the sale.
Kenya has borrowed heavily in the past four years to fund an ambitious development programme, including new roads and a new coast-capital railway, and the government wants to raise more cash. But few ordinary Kenyans bought government bonds, scared off by the minimum investment of 50,000 shillings and the need for a commercial bank account.
Investors can buy the bond for as little as 3,000 shillings, earning a tax-free interest of 10 percent. They will be able to trade it on the secondary market.
"The sale of government bonds in very small amounts through the mobile phone with no need of a bank account is a first in the world," said Mehnaz Safavian, the lead financial sector specialist at the World Bank's Kenya office.
MILLIONS OF MOBILE USERS
Only 38 percent of adults have a bank account in the country of 44 million people, compared with 77 percent in South Africa, according to FSD Kenya, a U.K.-funded development programme working to expand access to financial services.
But there were 38.5 million mobile phone subscriptions as of last September, Kenya's telecoms regulator said, and Finance Minister Henry Rotich said they were all potential investors that could reduce government dependence on outside financing.
The new bond will be offered on the mobile financial service M-Pesa and similar services that allow users who don't have bank accounts to pay bills and move money via phones. Both bond purchases and coupon payments will be made through phones.
It represents a further expansion by telecoms operators into areas that have traditionally been the province of banks. Safaricom, which started M-Pesa in 2007, now also offers savings, lending and insurance products.
Rotich said the 10 percent interest rate offered by M-Akiba, higher than 7 percent for bank deposits, could drive demand.
Analysts said the new bond would help the government secure cheaper long-term financing.
"It should allow the authorities to tap into informal savings pools," said Razia Khan, head of research for Africa at Standard Chartered in London.
Patrick Njoroge, the central bank governor, said it could also boost Kenya's national savings rate, one of the lowest in the world at 12 percent of GDP.
"This is a product that will dramatically improve the savings culture of our people," he said.
© Reuters News

Zenith Bank shelves plans to raise 100 bln naira due to weak economy

Nigeria's Zenith Bank has shelved plans to raise 100 billion naira ($318 million) via a combination of bonds and share sales due to weak capital markets, it said on Thursday.
The bank had expected market conditions to improve when it announced plans to seek approval for the funds last month, said Zenith's head of investor relations Michael Anyimah, but the lender cancelled them due to the struggling economy. 
Ovia, Zenith Bank chairman
Africa's biggest economy is in its first recession in 25 years, brought on by low oil prices which have slashed government revenues and crippled dollar supplies in the country, making life difficult for businesses.
"The request for shareholders' approval to raise fresh capital has been withdrawn," Anyimah said, adding that the bank had strong buffers to support its operation.
Shares in Zenith, which has shed 6.4 percent this year on the Lagos bourse, climbed 0.07 percent to 13.82 naira each by 1200 GMT. They gained 5 percent last year.
Nigerian regulators have been trying to revive their IPO market which dried up almost 10 years ago following a crisis in the West African country. The Securities and Exchange Commission has proposed to cut listing fees to attract issuers.
However, the main stock index is down 5.1 percent this year after it shed 6.2 percent in 2016. In dollar terms, stocks lost 40 percent last year as the naira fell by a third in the official market against the dollar due to central bank currency reforms.
Zenith has posted a pretax profit of 156.75 billion naira for 2016, up from 125.62 billion a year earlier.
© Reuters News

Nigeria issues new retail savings bond to raise $7 million

Nigeria's debt office said on Thursday it raised 2.07 billion naira ($6.6 million) from a new two-year savings bond intended for retail investors.
Nigeria forecasts a budget deficit of 2.36 trillion naira in 2017, half of which it aims to fund through domestic borrowing.

The Debt Management Office (DMO) has said it offered the bond to help broaden the country's funding base. It will be available for purchase on a monthly basis and have a maximum subscription of 50 million naira .
It carries a coupon of 13.01 percent.
The March auction attracted subscription from over 2,500 applicants during the five-day sale period, the DMO said, adding that the next sale will be on April 3.
The government plans to increase public spending by almost 20 percent this year and has obtained parliament's approval for a $500 million Eurobond, after raising $1 billion from international debt market last month
Outstanding total debt rose to 17.4 trillion naira last year from 12.6 trillion naira in 2015 and is set to increase further, as Africa's biggest economy grapples with its first recession in a quarter of century, caused by low oil prices
© Reuters News

African famine should be Canada's moment to lead

Robert Rotberg is the Fulbright Distinguished Professor of International Relations at the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
At the very moment when acute hunger has made hardscrabble South Sudanese, Somalis and Yemenis the world's most vulnerable people – in their millions – so the rise of xenophobic populism in Europe and the United States has made the provision of meaningful assistance much less likely.Image result for Famine in Africa
President Donald Trump's ham-fisted retreat from soft power and U.S. moral responsibility, coupled tightly with his proposed slashing of USAID and State Department funding, means that dramatically fewer global resources will be available to succour those who are truly needy. Europe is also focusing on its own problems rather than those of Africa. Canada could and should ride to the rescue.
The United Nations, having officially declared South Sudan in famine, must now seek funds from available donor countries, and for nearby Yemen, Somalia and Nigeria. The potential neglect of the United States, which helped give birth to South Sudan in 2011, could quickly lead to 100,000 or more civilian deaths and years of misery.
The UN's chief humanitarian co-ordinator declared last week that the world was "facing the largest humanitarian crisis since the creation" of that global body. "Without collective and co-ordinated global efforts, [as many as 20 million people in four countries] will simply starve to death." Will governments be deaf to such need?
As in Somalia, the Yemen, northern Nigeria and elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa and the Horn of Africa, hunger accompanies civil war and compounds the harmful outcomes of global warming and shifting rainfall patterns. (All life depends in these parched parts on periodic rain to refresh staple crops and forage for cattle, sheep and goats.)
When the rains fail, as they have in much of Africa this year and last, the livelihoods of agricultural peoples collapse. Nothing grows, animals (often the only capital rural peoples possess) waste away and there is no subsistence food on which to rely.With no cash, there's no ability to purchase what little food might be available in markets. Starving and merely malnourished families and children rely on food parcels from official and charitable relief agencies. But Mr. Trump and his team now want to stop much of this worthy assistance, together with the existence of officially funded para-governmental bodies such as the U.S. Institute of Peace, which helps to train peace builders, and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, which funds reports on global hunger.
Since all of the globe's contemporary famines are man-made as well as climatically induced, the immediate- and longer-term saving of lives depends on both relief for those who are risk of death and a strategy of ending warfare so that civilians can go back to tending their fields and herding their cattle, sheep and goats in relative peace.
As many as one million South Sudanese are short of food now and may shortly become even more imperilled. Hardly anyone in the country can escape the devastation and dislocation caused by the civil war that has raged since 2013. President Salva Kiir's government, controlled by his Dinka people and their Sudan Liberation Front Army and Movement, continue to battle Vice-President Riek Machar's Nuer legions and their allies. This fratricidal war for dominance has also embroiled other South Sudanese ethnic groups like the Azande and the Shilluk.
South Sudan's major source of revenue is oil, pumped largely from Unity State in the north. Mr. Kiir and Mr. Machar seek to annex as much of this potential wealth as possible, have effectively refused to share the spoils of foreign assistance from Europe and the United States, and loot whatever other cash has come to the government from remittances.
The South Sudanese have breached several hard-won, negotiated ceasefires and peace agreements since 2013, the most recent in 2016. A sizable UN force (including Chinese and Japanese contingents) has been unable to intervene decisively, or to curtail conflict. With a Trump administration seemingly determined to neglect Africa, only China and like-minded middle powers such as the Nordics and Canada can come to the rescue and become effective peacemakers in the Sudan and beyond.
That "beyond" includes Yemen, where sloppy Saudi Arabian operations have helped destroy cities, aqueducts and markets without doing much to restore the official government of President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi in its losing battle against Iranian-backed Houthi insurgents. Meanwhile, in central and eastern Yemen, U.S. drones target al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula while more and more Yemenis are unable to harvest or find food.
In Somalia drought and the depredations of al-Qaeda-affiliated al-Shabaab forces reduces the ability of both agricultural and nomadic populations to escape drought. The same is true in Borno State in northeastern Nigeria, the government seems unable to bring the Boko Haram insurgency to an end. War and drought again combine to make hunger palpable.
Millions of people – numbers that boggle comprehension – could die because wealthy governments with food-secure populations seem too ready to focus mostly on themselves and neglect the needs of the world's less privileged. Canada must try to lead the world's response. This is Prime Minister Trudeau's Pearsonian opportunity.
© Reuters News

Wednesday 22 March 2017

Nigeria's Senate approves new $500 million Eurobond sale

Nigeria's upper house approved the issuance of a new $500 million Eurobond on Wednesday, the chamber's deputy president said, to help fund the budget deficit at a time Africa's biggest economy faces a shortage of hard currency.
Senate president, Saraki
The government, which plans to increase public spending by almost 20 percent this year, sought the go-ahead for a new issue after raising $1 billion from international debt markets last month.
The increase in public spending comes after the Nigerian economy posted its first annual contraction in 25 years in 2016 as a slump in global oil prices reduced government revenues and battered the naira currency.
"The Senate considered the request of Mr. President for the approval of $500 million Eurobond from the international capital market. The request is hereby approved," Ike Ekweremadu, deputy Senate president, said in a televised debate.
Nigeria struggled to finance its planned spending of 6.1 trillion naira ($19.66 billion) in 2016. In the 2017 budget presented to parliament, public spending is forecast at 7.3 trillion naira.
Nigeria in February raised $1 billion in an oversubscribed sale of 15-year Eurobonds at 7.875 percent.
The finance ministry forecasts a 2.36 trillion naira budget deficit in 2017, which it plans to fund through a mixture of foreign and domestic borrowing.
The country has registered a $300 million Diaspora bond programme with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and is seeking at least a $1 billion loan from the World Bank and a $1.3 billion loan from China to fund railway projects.
The government also plans a 20 billion naira "green bond" next month after a new savings bond this month targeted at retail investors to broaden its funding base.

Nigeria naira at six-month high on black market, traders say

The Nigerian naira gained 1.1 percent to a six-month high of 430 per dollar on the black market on Wednesday, traders said.
The central bank has been intervening on the official market to try to narrow the currency spread with the black market rate, which was 520 to the naira a month ago.

The naira was quoted at 307.50 on the interbank market on Wednesday.
"The regular intervention by the central bank has increased liquidity in the official market. The new policy has also eliminated spurious demand for the dollar," Aminu Gwadabe, the head of Nigeria's exchange bureaus, told Reuters.
Speculators betting on a naira fall "are taking a risk and will lose," central bank Governor Godwin Emefiele said on Tuesday. He added that he expects the black market rates to narrow further.
On Wednesday, the cost of insuring Nigerian debt against default fell to its lowest since December 2016, with five-year credit default swaps dropping to 603 bps, down 9 bps from Tuesday's close, according to data from IHS Markit.
"We see the naira stabilising around 380-400 to the dollar, but the central bank must review the multiplicity of rates to restore confidence in the market," Gwadabe said.
In February the bank devalued the naira for private individuals, saying it will sell dollars to them at 375 per dollar, a 20 percent margin from the official rate and half the premium obtained at the black market.
The move has left the West African nation with at least five exchange rates - the official one, a rate for Muslim pilgrims going to Saudi Arabia, the one for school fees abroad and a retail rate set by licensed exchange bureaus at 399.
© Reuters News

Nigeria central banksees improve naira exchange rate

Nigeria's central bank kept the main interest rate at 14 percent as expected on Tuesday and pledged to close the gap between the official and black-market exchange rate.
Central bank governor Godwin Emefiele said inflationary pressures were continuing unabated while Africa's biggest economy was undergoing its first recession in 25 years, justifying the rate decision.
All but one of 13 economists surveyed in a Reuters poll had expected the bank to keep the benchmark rate on hold.Image result for Nigeria CBN governor
"The (Monetary Policy Committee) MPC appears to have resisted pressure from the fiscal authorities for what might have been a premature easing of policy," said Razia Khan, chief economist Africa at Standard Chartered Bank.
"By holding rates, and putting price stability at the centre of its ambition, the CBN (central bank) could well be preparing for a more meaningful liberalisation, to come eventually, only when conditions are more conducive," she said.
Emefiele also told reporters the central bank was optimistic that interventions in the foreign exchange market would stabilise the battered naira currency.
Nigeria has been suffering from dollar shortages due to low oil prices that have driven down the naira on the black market.
But the spread has narrowed since the central bank devalued the retail rate last month, and it has pumped more dollars into the banking system since then.
"We have seen the rates converging and we are strongly very optimistic that (they) will converge further," Emefiele, speaking after a two-day committee meeting, said when asked about the spread between black market and official rates.
The central bank let the naira slip to 307.5 a dollar on the official market on Tuesday, weakening the currency by 0.6 percent in past two weeks but Emefiele said this was not a devaluation.
"The market is not meant to be fixed," he said. "The market will move, sometime based on trend, from 304 to 305. It is supposed to be a sort of floating market ... within a particular range."
He gave no naira exchange rate target.
The central bank also kept its cash reserve ratios for commercial banks at 22.5 percent.
Emefiele warned traders betting on a further fall of the naira they were losing as the central bank had boosted foreign exchange reserve to almost $31 billion.
"The fact that we have done this (intervene) for four to five weeks should tell everyone, and those who doubt the strength of the central bank to sustain this policy, that they are taking a risk and they will lose," he said.
© Reuters News

Nigeria orders contractors back to work in Niger Delta within 30 days

Nigeria has given contractors 30 days to resume delayed development projects in the Niger Delta oil region or face prosecution, the presidency said on Tuesday.
The government has been trying to build new roads and launch other projects to drag the region out of poverty and create jobs, aiming to give local people alternatives to joining the militants attacking oil facilities.

The government has "directed that the list of all contractors who have not returned to site within the stipulated period be compiled and submitted to the Ministry of Justice and the Economic Financial Crimes Commission for investigation and prosecution," it said in a statement.
Many projects have been delayed due to the collapse in oil revenues or to graft accusations.
The presidency also ordered the ministry of environment to ensure "progress" of an cleanup of oil spills in the Ogoniland area, a project delayed for years.
"The Federal Government has issued a new set of directives in its bid to accelerate the implementation of the (President Muhammadu) Buhari administration's new vision for the development of the Niger Delta," it said in a statement, referring to the contractors' order.
The government has been holding talks with militants to end attacks on oil production facilities which cut the OPEC member's output by 700,000 barrels a day for several months last year.
But a lack of development and an army crackdown on thousands of illegal refineries in the southern swamps, which process crude oil stolen from oil majors and state oil firm NNPC, have raised tensions.
Militants behind last year's attacks called for more of Nigeria's energy wealth to go to the Delta.
Crude sales make up two-thirds of government revenue. Vice President Osinbajo, whose office issued Tuesday's statement, has visited the region several times this year to calm tensions.
Last year's attacks, combined with subdued oil prices, were a major factor in Africa's largest economy shrinking 1.5 percent in 2016 - its first full-year contraction in 25 years. There have been no attacks so far in 2017.
(C) Reuters News

Ivory Coast to lower mid-crop cocoa farmer price - CCC

Top cocoa grower Ivory Coast will lower its guaranteed price for farmers for the April to September mid-crop due to a sharp drop in world cocoa futures prices, the marketing board said in a note to producers on Tuesday.

The farmer price, which is based on the average price attained by the Coffee and Cocoa Council (CCC) during forward sales, was fixed at 1,100 CFA francs ($1.80) per kg for the current main crop.
After several years of steadily increasing world prices, cocoa futures have tumbled rapidly since September, falling to the lowest levels in nearly a decade this month. Both London LCCc2 and New York CCc1 are down around 20 percent since September.
"This situation will mean that the price for producers for the mid-crop harvest will also be reduced," the CCC said in the note, which was posted on its website.
The CCC has progressively raised farmer prices since introducing the forward sales system in 2012.
While the CCC did not say how much farmers would receive for the mid-crop, any reduction will likely be met with frustration by farmers already facing the fallout of a glut of beans caused by high production and a wave of export contract defaults.
© Reuters 

Tuesday 21 March 2017

Nigeria weakens naira in attempt to close black market spread

The Nigerian central bank has weakened the naira by 0.6 percent in the last two weeks through dollar interventions on the official market aimed at narrowing the spread with the black market, traders said on Tuesday.
The naira was trading at 307.50 on the interbank market on Tuesday, almost 30 percent weaker than on the unapproved retail market where it was quoted at 435 per dollar.

The central bank had been selling dollars at 305 levels since August to support the Nigerian currency. However it devalued the naira last month for individuals, paving the way for a possible broader move to narrow black market rates. 
"The central bank is depreciating the currency. It's a deliberate effort to narrow the gap with the black market," one trader at a major local bank told Reuters.
The central bank, which declined to comment, is due to announce its decision on interest rates at 1330 GMT with markets watching for signs of a more relaxed foreign exchange rate regime after the government this month called for "market-determined" rate.
A Reuters poll expects the bank to leave its benchmark interest rate unchanged at 14 percent to tackle high inflation.
The West African country has tried to make the exchange rate more flexible before, leading to a 30 percent devaluation last year, only to reimpose a quasi currency peg, creating multiple exchange rates.
Two weeks ago Nigeria unveiled an economic recovery plan, including measures to relax foreign exchange restrictions, in a drive to pull Africa's largest economy out of its first recession in 25 years.
It said the central bank will aim to achieve a market-determined exchange rate regime, but did not specify whether this would mean allowing the naira to float freely or keeping the current system of dollar injections to address shortages.
The bank's governor later said he was not convinced about a currency float due to its effect on inflation, which fell for the first time in 15 months in February.
Instead the bank has sold millions of dollars via currency forwards on the official market in recent weeks to try to clear a backlog of demand and narrow black market rates which traded as weak as 520 last month.
© Reuters News

U.S. bans large electronics from 10 airports, mainly in Middle East

The Trump administration confirmed Tuesday it is imposing new restrictions on electronic devices carried by travelers coming to the United States from 10 airports mainly in the Middle East and North Africa in response to unspecified terror threats.
The Department of Homeland Security will require passengers coming to the United States from airports in Jordan, Egypt, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Morocco and Qatar to check electronic devices larger than a cell phone such as tablets, portable DVD players, laptops and cameras.Image result for emirate airlines
The airports affected are in Amman, Cairo, Kuwait City, Doha, Dubai, Istanbul, Abu Dhabi, Casablanca, Morocco; Riyadh and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Officials said the decision had nothing to do with President Donald Trump's efforts to impose a travel ban of six majority-Muslim nations. A DHS spokeswoman said the government "did not target specific nations. We relied upon evaluated intelligence to determine which airports were affected."
On March 6, Trump signed a revised executive order banning citizens from Iran, Libya, Syria, Somalia, Sudan and Yemen from traveling to the United States for 90 days. 
Two federal judges have halted parts of the ban, saying it discriminates against Muslims. Trump has vowed to appeal up to the Supreme Court if necessary.
All 10 airports are in majority-Muslim countries.
The airports are served by nine carriers that fly directly from those cities to the United States about 50 times a day and include Royal Jordanian Airlines, Egypt Air, Turkish Airlines, Saudi Arabian Airlines, Kuwait Airways, Royal Air Maroc, Qatar Airways, Emirates and Etihad Airways, senior government officials said.
The airlines have until Friday to comply with the new restrictions that will be in place indefinitely.
No American carriers were affected by the ban, because none fly directly to the United States from the airports, officials said. But it does apply to U.S. citizens traveling on those flights. It does not apply to crew members on those foreign carriers.
Officials did not explain why the restrictions only apply to travelers arriving in the United States and not for those same flights when they leave the United States.
DHS will also allow passengers to use larger approved medical devices. The agency said the procedures would "remain in place until the threat changes" and did not rule out expanding to other airports if circumstances changed.
DHS said in a statement it "seeks to balance risk with impacts to the traveling public and has determined that cell phones and smart phones will be allowed in accessible property at this time."
The new restrictions were prompted by reports that terror groups want to smuggle explosive devices in consumer electronic devices, officials told reporters on a conference call Monday.
The government said in a statement it is "concerned about terrorists' ongoing interest in targeting commercial aviation, including transportation hubs over the past two years."
The group said "intelligence indicates that terrorist groups continue to target commercial aviation, to include smuggling explosive devices in various consumer items."
The government has been worried about terror groups attempting to bomb a commercial aircraft, but an official on the call repeatedly declined to offer any details about the threat that prompted the move.
Reuters reported Monday that the move had been under consideration since the U.S. government learned of a threat several weeks ago.
U.S. officials have told Reuters that the information gleaned from a U.S. commando raid in January in Yemen which targeted al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula included bomb-making techniques.
AQAP, based in Yemen, has plotted to down U.S. airliners and claimed responsibility for 2015 attacks on the office of Charlie Hebdo magazine in Paris. AQAP also has boasted of the world's most feared bomb makers, Ibrahim Hassan al-Asiri.
In 2010, security officials in Britain and Dubai intercepted parcel bombs being sent from Yemen to the United States.
The group claimed responsibility for a Dec. 25, 2009 failed attempt by a Nigerian Islamist to down an airliner over Detroit. The device, hidden in the underwear of the man, Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, failed to detonate.
In July 2014, the Homeland Security Department stepped up security of U.S.-bound flights, requiring tougher screening of mobile phones and other electronic devices and requiring them to be powered up before passengers could board flights to the United States.
© Reuters News